# Health pass introduced during pandemic (2021)

URL: https://history-france.com/timeline/2021-health-pass-introduced-during-pandemic
Location: France

Vaccination and testing requirements became central to reopening and generated large protests. Within the broader Fifth Republic period, The 1958 Constitution created a stronger presidency and a durable Fifth Republic. Decolonization, European integration, social change, economic shocks and recurring debates over identity, secularism and the role of the state have shaped contemporary France. At this point in the timeline, the relevant governing authority is Emmanuel Macron (President of the French Republic). Health pass introduced during pandemic is a useful marker in the longer transformation of political authority, society and culture in France. The event is positioned here so visitors can read it alongside changes in government, warfare, society, religion, culture and France’s wider international setting.

## Why it matters
Health pass introduced during pandemic is a useful marker in the longer transformation of political authority, society and culture in France.

Ruler at the time: [Emmanuel Macron](https://history-france.com/rulers/emmanuel-macron)

## Sources
- [Wikipedia topic lookup — Health pass introduced during pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=Health+pass+introduced+during+pandemic&go=Go)
- [Encyclopaedia Britannica topic lookup — Health pass introduced during pandemic](https://www.britannica.com/search?query=Health+pass+introduced+during+pandemic)
- [Élysée — Institutions of the Fifth Republic](https://www.elysee.fr/en/french-presidency/the-institutions)