# Occupation of the Ruhr (1923)

URL: https://history-france.com/timeline/1923-occupation-of-the-ruhr
Location: Ruhr

France and Belgium occupied Germany’s industrial region to enforce reparations payments. Within the broader Third Republic period, The Third Republic survived war, the Commune, constitutional crises and fierce ideological conflict. It expanded mass schooling and empire, faced the Dreyfus Affair, fought World War I and entered the troubled interwar era. At this point in the timeline, the relevant governing authority is Alexandre Millerand (President of the French Republic). Occupation of the Ruhr is a useful marker in the longer transformation of political authority, society and culture in France. The event is positioned here so visitors can read it alongside changes in government, warfare, society, religion, culture and France’s wider international setting.

## Why it matters
Occupation of the Ruhr is a useful marker in the longer transformation of political authority, society and culture in France.

Ruler at the time: [Alexandre Millerand](https://history-france.com/rulers/alexandre-millerand)

## Sources
- [Wikipedia topic lookup — Occupation of the Ruhr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=Occupation+of+the+Ruhr&go=Go)
- [Encyclopaedia Britannica topic lookup — Occupation of the Ruhr](https://www.britannica.com/search?query=Occupation+of+the+Ruhr)
- [Vie-publique — French institutions and history](https://www.vie-publique.fr/)